Atrapado en esta integral que involucra exp y la función del suelo

Question

Aquí es la integral
$$\int_0^\infty \lfloor x \rfloor e^{-x}dx$$

Aquí es lo que tengo hasta ahora:
$$I = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \int_n^{n+1} n e^{-x}dx$$ $$ = \sum_{n=0}^\infty -ne^{-n-1} + ne^{-n}$$ $$ = \sum_{n=0}^\infty -ne^{-n-1} + ne^{-n}$$ $$ = \sum_{n=0}^\infty ne^{-n}(1 -e^{-1})$$ $$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty ne^{-n}$$ $$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{-(-n)(-n)^k}{k!}$$ $$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{-(-n)^{k+1}}{k!}$$ $$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{-(-n)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!}(k+1)$$ $$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{-k(-n)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!} + \frac{-(-n)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!}$$

$$ = (1 -e^{-1})\sum_{n=0}^\infty (1-e^{-n})[\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{-k(-n)^{k+1}}{(k+1)!}]$$

En este punto me di por vencido.

Answer 1

Usted tiene

$$\begin{align*} \sum_{n\ge 0}\int_n^{n+1}ne^{-x}dx&=\sum_{n\ge 0}n\left[\frac1{e^x}\right]_{n+1}^n\\\\ &=\sum_{n\ge 0}n\left(\frac1{e^n}-\frac1{e^{n+1}}\right)\\\\ &=\left(1-\frac1e\right)\sum_{n\ge 0}\frac{n}{e^n}\;.\tag{1} \end{align*}$$

Ahora $$\frac1{1-x}=\sum_{n\ge 0}x^n$$ for $|x|<1$, so, differentiating and multiplying by $x$, tenemos

$$\frac{x}{(1-x)^2}=\sum_{n\ge 0}nx^n\;.\tag{2}$$

Sustituto $x=e^{-1}$, e $(1)$ se convierte en

$$\left(1-\frac1e\right)\frac{e^{-1}}{\left(1-e^{-1}\right)^2}=\frac{e-1}e\cdot\frac{e}{(e-1)^2}=\frac1{e-1}\;.$$

$(2)$ es una fórmula útil; vale la pena, al menos, recordar cómo se derivan de ella.

Answer 2

Tenga en cuenta que,

$$ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} e^{-k x} = \frac{1}{1-e^{-x}} \implies -\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}k e^{-k x}$$

$$= \frac{d}{dx}\frac{1}{1-e^{-x}}. $$

${}{}$

Answer 3

$$\int_0^\infty \lfloor x \rfloor e^{-x}dx = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \int^{\infty}_n e^{-x} dx= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} e^{-n}=\frac{1}{e-1}.$$