Integral relacionada con la función beta

Question

Me encontré con un ejercicio en un libro de texto que dice Mostrar $$ \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{(1+x)^{2m-1}(1-x)^{2n-1}}{(1+x^{2})^{m+n}} \ dx = 2^{m+n-2} B(m,n) \ , \ m,n >0$$ and then deduce that for $\alpha$ not an integer multiple of $\pi$ $$ \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \Big( \frac{\cos x + \sin x}{\cos x - \sin x} \Big)^{\cos \alpha} \ dx = \frac{\pi}{2 \sin \left( \pi \cos^{2} \frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}.$$

He conseguido averiguar la segunda parte pero no la primera parte.

$$ \begin{align} \int_{-1}^{1} \frac{(1+x)^{2m-1}(1-x)^{2n-1}}{(1+x^{2})^{m+n}} \ dx &= \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{(1 + \tan u)^{2m-1}(1-\tan u)^{2n-1}}{\sec^{2(m+n)} (u)} \ \sec^{2} (u) \ du \\ &= \int_{\frac{-\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} (\cos u + \sin u)^{2m-1}(\cos u - \sin u)^{2n-1} \ du \end{align}$$

Si entonces dejamos $\displaystyle m = \frac{1 + \cos \alpha}{2}$ y $\displaystyle n= \frac{1- \cos \alpha}{2}$,

$$ \begin{align} \int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \Big( \frac{\cos x + \sin x}{\cos x - \sin x} \Big)^{\cos \alpha} \ dx &= 2^{-1} \frac{\Gamma \left(\frac{1 + \cos a}{2} \right) \Gamma \left(\frac{1 - \cos a}{2} \right)}{\Gamma (1)} \\ &= 2^{-1} \Gamma \left(\frac{1 + \cos a}{2} \right) \Gamma \left( 1- \frac{ 1 + \cos a }{2} \right) \\ &= 2^{-1} \frac{\pi}{\sin \left( \pi \frac{1+\cos a}{2} \right)} \\ &= \frac{\pi}{2 \sin \left( \pi \cos^{2} \frac{a}{2}\right)} . \end{align}$$

Answer 1

Vamos a probar la primera parte, se necesitan cambiar las variables.

• $y:=\frac{(1+x)^2}{2(1+x^2)}$, luego $1-y=\frac{(1-x)^2}{2(1+x^2)}$y $$\mathrm{d}y=\frac{1-x^2}{(1+x^2)^2}=2\cdot y^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot (1-y)^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot \frac{1}{1+x^2}\mathrm{d}x$ $ Theorfore,\begin{eqnarray} &&\int_{-1}^{1}\frac{(1+x)^{2m-1}(1-x)^{2n-1}}{(1+x^2)^{m+n}}\mathrm{d}x \\ &=&\int_0^1 (2y)^{m-\frac{1}{2}}\cdot (2(1-y))^{n-\frac{1}{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{1+x^2} \big(2\cdot y^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot (1-y)^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{1+x^2}\big)^{-1}\mathrm{d}y\\ &=&2^{m+n-2}\cdot \int_{0}^{1}y^{m-1}\cdot(1-y)^{n-1}\mathrm{d}y\\ &=&2^{m+n-2}\cdot B(m,n) \end{eqnarray}