Otro ejemplo del uso de text
comando
u <- c(3.2,6.6,11.7,16.3,16.6,15.4,14.6,12.7,11.4,10.2,9.8,9.1,9.1,9.0,8.8,8.4,7.7)
p <-c(3737,3761,3784,3802,3825,3839,3850,3862,3878,3890,3901,3909,3918,3926,3935,3948)
-c(385,394,401,409,422,430,434,437,437,435,436,437,439,442,447,452)
e <- c(2504,2375,2206,2071,2054,2099,2127,2170,2222,2296,2335,2367,2372,2365,2365,2401)
par(mar=c(2,3,1,2),las=1,mgp=c(2.2,1,0))
x <- barplot(u,names.arg=1990:2006,col="palegreen4",space=.3,ylim=c(0,20),
ylab="%",xaxs="r",xlim=c(.8,21.6))
text(x,u+.4,format(u,T))
lines(x[-17],100*e/p-55,lwd=2)
points(x[-17],100*e/p-55,lwd=2,cex=1.5,pch=1)
axis(4,seq(0,20,5),seq(55,75,5))
text(c(x[1]+1,x[5],x[16]+1),c(100*e/p-55)[c(1,5,16)]+c(0,-1,0),
format(c(100*e/p)[c(1,5,16)],T,di=3))
box()