Código para el efecto ripple de un cubo de LEDs 8x8x8 Arduino

Question

Quiero codificar la animación del efecto ondulante que se ve en los primeros 7 segundos de este video .

Así es como funciona mi código ahora. Utiliza 9 registros de desplazamiento (74HC595); 8 para las 64 columnas y 1 para las 8 capas.

¿Cómo debo hacerlo? Apenas entiendo el código de abajo. Dibuja un cubo en expansión.

/* Voxel Shield Sketch
  Controls a Light Emitting Diode(LED) Cube of 8x8x8 voxels arranged
  by 64 columns(anodes) and 8 layers(cathodes).
*/

byte cube[][8] = {
  // Layer 1
  {0b00000000,  // Row 1
   0b00000000,  // Row 2
   0b00000000,  // Row 3
   0b00000000,  // Row 4
   0b00000000,  // Row 5
   0b00000000,  // Row 6
   0b00000000,  // Row 7
   0b00000000}, // Row 8

  // Layer 2
  {0b00000000,  // Row 1
   0b00000000,  // Etc ...
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 3
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 4
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 5 
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 6
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 7
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000},

  // Layer 8
  {0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000,
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000, 
   0b00000000}
};
// Shift Register pin assignments
int dataPin     = 2;
int clockPin    = 3;
int latchPin    = 5;
int masterClear = 4;

// Cube indicies
int rowIndex   = 0;        // used for shifting out the data
int layerIndex  = 0;

void all(){
  cube[0][0] = 255; cube[1][0] = 255; cube[2][0] = 255; cube[3][0] = 255; cube[4][0] = 255; cube[5][0] = 255; cube[6][0] = 255; cube[7][0] = 255; 
  cube[0][1] = 255; cube[1][1] = 255; cube[2][1] = 255; cube[3][1] = 255; cube[4][1] = 255; cube[5][1] = 255; cube[6][1] = 255; cube[7][1] = 255; 
  cube[0][2] = 255; cube[1][2] = 255; cube[2][2] = 255; cube[3][2] = 255; cube[4][2] = 255; cube[5][2] = 255; cube[6][2] = 255; cube[7][2] = 255; 
  cube[0][3] = 255; cube[1][3] = 255; cube[2][3] = 255; cube[3][3] = 255; cube[4][3] = 255; cube[5][3] = 255; cube[6][3] = 255; cube[7][3] = 255; 
  cube[0][4] = 255; cube[1][4] = 255; cube[2][4] = 255; cube[3][4] = 255; cube[4][4] = 255; cube[5][4] = 255; cube[6][4] = 255; cube[7][4] = 255; 
  cube[0][5] = 255; cube[1][5] = 255; cube[2][5] = 255; cube[3][5] = 255; cube[4][5] = 255; cube[5][5] = 255; cube[6][5] = 255; cube[7][5] = 255; 
  cube[0][6] = 255; cube[1][6] = 255; cube[2][6] = 255; cube[3][6] = 255; cube[4][6] = 255; cube[5][6] = 255; cube[6][6] = 255; cube[7][6] = 255; 
  cube[0][7] = 255; cube[1][7] = 255; cube[2][7] = 255; cube[3][7] = 255; cube[4][7] = 255; cube[5][7] = 255; cube[6][7] = 255; cube[7][7] = 255; 
}
void none(){
  cube[0][0] = 0; cube[1][0] = 0; cube[2][0] = 0; cube[3][0] = 0; cube[4][0] = 0; cube[5][0] = 0; cube[6][0] = 0; cube[7][0] = 0; 
  cube[0][1] = 0; cube[1][1] = 0; cube[2][1] = 0; cube[3][1] = 0; cube[4][1] = 0; cube[5][1] = 0; cube[6][1] = 0; cube[7][1] = 0; 
  cube[0][2] = 0; cube[1][2] = 0; cube[2][2] = 0; cube[3][2] = 0; cube[4][2] = 0; cube[5][2] = 0; cube[6][2] = 0; cube[7][2] = 0; 
  cube[0][3] = 0; cube[1][3] = 0; cube[2][3] = 0; cube[3][3] = 0; cube[4][3] = 0; cube[5][3] = 0; cube[6][3] = 0; cube[7][3] = 0; 
  cube[0][4] = 0; cube[1][4] = 0; cube[2][4] = 0; cube[3][4] = 0; cube[4][4] = 0; cube[5][4] = 0; cube[6][4] = 0; cube[7][4] = 0; 
  cube[0][5] = 0; cube[1][5] = 0; cube[2][5] = 0; cube[3][5] = 0; cube[4][5] = 0; cube[5][5] = 0; cube[6][5] = 0; cube[7][5] = 0; 
  cube[0][6] = 0; cube[1][6] = 0; cube[2][6] = 0; cube[3][6] = 0; cube[4][6] = 0; cube[5][6] = 0; cube[6][6] = 0; cube[7][6] = 0; 
  cube[0][7] = 0; cube[1][7] = 0; cube[2][7] = 0; cube[3][7] = 0; cube[4][7] = 0; cube[5][7] = 0; cube[6][7] = 0; cube[7][7] = 0; 
}
void box(){
  cube[0][0] = 0b11111111; cube[1][0] = 0b10000001; cube[2][0] = 0b10000001; cube[3][0] = 0b10000001; cube[4][0] = 0b10000001; cube[5][0] = 0b10000001; cube[6][0] = 0b10000001; cube[7][0] = 0b11111111; 
  cube[0][1] = 0b10000001; cube[1][1] = 0b00000000; cube[2][1] = 0b00000000; cube[3][1] = 0b00000000; cube[4][1] = 0b00000000; cube[5][1] = 0b00000000; cube[6][1] = 0b00000000; cube[7][1] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][2] = 0b10000001; cube[1][2] = 0b00000000; cube[2][2] = 0b00000000; cube[3][2] = 0b00000000; cube[4][2] = 0b00000000; cube[5][2] = 0b00000000; cube[6][2] = 0b00000000; cube[7][2] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][3] = 0b10000001; cube[1][3] = 0b00000000; cube[2][3] = 0b00000000; cube[3][3] = 0b00000000; cube[4][3] = 0b00000000; cube[5][3] = 0b00000000; cube[6][3] = 0b00000000; cube[7][3] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][4] = 0b10000001; cube[1][4] = 0b00000000; cube[2][4] = 0b00000000; cube[3][4] = 0b00000000; cube[4][4] = 0b00000000; cube[5][4] = 0b00000000; cube[6][4] = 0b00000000; cube[7][4] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][5] = 0b10000001; cube[1][5] = 0b00000000; cube[2][5] = 0b00000000; cube[3][5] = 0b00000000; cube[4][5] = 0b00000000; cube[5][5] = 0b00000000; cube[6][5] = 0b00000000; cube[7][5] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][6] = 0b10000001; cube[1][6] = 0b00000000; cube[2][6] = 0b00000000; cube[3][6] = 0b00000000; cube[4][6] = 0b00000000; cube[5][6] = 0b00000000; cube[6][6] = 0b00000000; cube[7][6] = 0b10000001; 
  cube[0][7] = 0b11111111; cube[1][7] = 0b10000001; cube[2][7] = 0b10000001; cube[3][7] = 0b10000001; cube[4][7] = 0b10000001; cube[5][7] = 0b10000001; cube[6][7] = 0b10000001; cube[7][7] = 0b11111111;
}
void box2(){
  cube[0][0] = 0b00000000; cube[1][0] = 0b00000000; cube[2][0] = 0b00000000; cube[3][0] = 0b00000000; cube[4][0] = 0b00000000; cube[5][0] = 0b00000000; cube[6][0] = 0b00000000; cube[7][0] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][1] = 0b00000000; cube[1][1] = 0b01111110; cube[2][1] = 0b01000010; cube[3][1] = 0b01000010; cube[4][1] = 0b01000010; cube[5][1] = 0b01000010; cube[6][1] = 0b01111110; cube[7][1] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][2] = 0b00000000; cube[1][2] = 0b01000010; cube[2][2] = 0b00000000; cube[3][2] = 0b00000000; cube[4][2] = 0b00000000; cube[5][2] = 0b00000000; cube[6][2] = 0b01000010; cube[7][2] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][3] = 0b00000000; cube[1][3] = 0b01000010; cube[2][3] = 0b00000000; cube[3][3] = 0b00000000; cube[4][3] = 0b00000000; cube[5][3] = 0b00000000; cube[6][3] = 0b01000010; cube[7][3] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][4] = 0b00000000; cube[1][4] = 0b01000010; cube[2][4] = 0b00000000; cube[3][4] = 0b00000000; cube[4][4] = 0b00000000; cube[5][4] = 0b00000000; cube[6][4] = 0b01000010; cube[7][4] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][5] = 0b00000000; cube[1][5] = 0b01000010; cube[2][5] = 0b00000000; cube[3][5] = 0b00000000; cube[4][5] = 0b00000000; cube[5][5] = 0b00000000; cube[6][5] = 0b01000010; cube[7][5] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][6] = 0b00000000; cube[1][6] = 0b01111110; cube[2][6] = 0b01000010; cube[3][6] = 0b01000010; cube[4][6] = 0b01000010; cube[5][6] = 0b01000010; cube[6][6] = 0b01111110; cube[7][6] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][7] = 0b00000000; cube[1][7] = 0b00000000; cube[2][7] = 0b00000000; cube[3][7] = 0b00000000; cube[4][7] = 0b00000000; cube[5][7] = 0b00000000; cube[6][7] = 0b00000000; cube[7][7] = 0b00000000;
}
void box3(){
  cube[0][0] = 0b00000000; cube[1][0] = 0b00000000; cube[2][0] = 0b00000000; cube[3][0] = 0b00000000; cube[4][0] = 0b00000000; cube[5][0] = 0b00000000; cube[6][0] = 0b00000000; cube[7][0] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][1] = 0b00000000; cube[1][1] = 0b00000000; cube[2][1] = 0b00000000; cube[3][1] = 0b00000000; cube[4][1] = 0b00000000; cube[5][1] = 0b00000000; cube[6][1] = 0b00000000; cube[7][1] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][2] = 0b00000000; cube[1][2] = 0b00000000; cube[2][2] = 0b00111100; cube[3][2] = 0b00100100; cube[4][2] = 0b00100100; cube[5][2] = 0b00111100; cube[6][2] = 0b00000000; cube[7][2] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][3] = 0b00000000; cube[1][3] = 0b00000000; cube[2][3] = 0b00100100; cube[3][3] = 0b00000000; cube[4][3] = 0b00000000; cube[5][3] = 0b00100100; cube[6][3] = 0b00000000; cube[7][3] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][4] = 0b00000000; cube[1][4] = 0b00000000; cube[2][4] = 0b00100100; cube[3][4] = 0b00000000; cube[4][4] = 0b00000000; cube[5][4] = 0b00100100; cube[6][4] = 0b00000000; cube[7][4] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][5] = 0b00000000; cube[1][5] = 0b00000000; cube[2][5] = 0b00111100; cube[3][5] = 0b00100100; cube[4][5] = 0b00100100; cube[5][5] = 0b00111100; cube[6][5] = 0b00000000; cube[7][5] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][6] = 0b00000000; cube[1][6] = 0b00000000; cube[2][6] = 0b00000000; cube[3][6] = 0b00000000; cube[4][6] = 0b00000000; cube[5][6] = 0b00000000; cube[6][6] = 0b00000000; cube[7][6] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][7] = 0b00000000; cube[1][7] = 0b00000000; cube[2][7] = 0b00000000; cube[3][7] = 0b00000000; cube[4][7] = 0b00000000; cube[5][7] = 0b00000000; cube[6][7] = 0b00000000; cube[7][7] = 0b00000000;
}
void box4(){
  cube[0][0] = 0b00000000; cube[1][0] = 0b00000000; cube[2][0] = 0b00000000; cube[3][0] = 0b00000000; cube[4][0] = 0b00000000; cube[5][0] = 0b00000000; cube[6][0] = 0b00000000; cube[7][0] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][1] = 0b00000000; cube[1][1] = 0b00000000; cube[2][1] = 0b00000000; cube[3][1] = 0b00000000; cube[4][1] = 0b00000000; cube[5][1] = 0b00000000; cube[6][1] = 0b00000000; cube[7][1] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][2] = 0b00000000; cube[1][2] = 0b00000000; cube[2][2] = 0b00000000; cube[3][2] = 0b00000000; cube[4][2] = 0b00000000; cube[5][2] = 0b00000000; cube[6][2] = 0b00000000; cube[7][2] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][3] = 0b00000000; cube[1][3] = 0b00000000; cube[2][3] = 0b00000000; cube[3][3] = 0b00011000; cube[4][3] = 0b00011000; cube[5][3] = 0b00000000; cube[6][3] = 0b00000000; cube[7][3] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][4] = 0b00000000; cube[1][4] = 0b00000000; cube[2][4] = 0b00000000; cube[3][4] = 0b00011000; cube[4][4] = 0b00011000; cube[5][4] = 0b00000000; cube[6][4] = 0b00000000; cube[7][4] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][5] = 0b00000000; cube[1][5] = 0b00000000; cube[2][5] = 0b00000000; cube[3][5] = 0b00000000; cube[4][5] = 0b00000000; cube[5][5] = 0b00000000; cube[6][5] = 0b00000000; cube[7][5] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][6] = 0b00000000; cube[1][6] = 0b00000000; cube[2][6] = 0b00000000; cube[3][6] = 0b00000000; cube[4][6] = 0b00000000; cube[5][6] = 0b00000000; cube[6][6] = 0b00000000; cube[7][6] = 0b00000000; 
  cube[0][7] = 0b00000000; cube[1][7] = 0b00000000; cube[2][7] = 0b00000000; cube[3][7] = 0b00000000; cube[4][7] = 0b00000000; cube[5][7] = 0b00000000; cube[6][7] = 0b00000000; cube[7][7] = 0b00000000;
}

void draw(){
  // Repeat p many times before moving on to next frame 
  // change what p is less than; more for slower annimation, less for faster
  for(int p = 0; p < 10; p++){ 
    // Reset to first layer
    layerIndex = 0;
    for(int q = 0; q < 8; q++){
      // Reset to row 1
      rowIndex = 0;
      // Make shift registers accept new data
      digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
      // Shift out the layer data first
      shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, 0b00000001 << layerIndex);    
      for(int t = 0; t < 8; t++){
        // Shift out the rows of data
        shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, cube[layerIndex][rowIndex]);
        // Move onto the next row then repeat
        rowIndex++;                                                       
      }
      // Move onto the next layer and repeat
      layerIndex++;
      digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
    }
  }
}

void setup() 
{
  // Setup the pin modes
  pinMode(dataPin,     OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin,    OUTPUT);
  pinMode(latchPin,    OUTPUT);
  pinMode(masterClear, OUTPUT);

  // Clear the shift registers
  digitalWrite(masterClear, LOW);
  delay(10);
  digitalWrite(masterClear, HIGH);
}

void loop() 
{
  //Expanding Box Animation
  // Repeat 10 times
  for(int k = 0;k < 10;k++){
    box();
    draw();
    box2();
    draw();
    box3();
    draw();
    box4();
    draw();
    box3();
    draw();
    box2();
    draw();
  }
}

Answer 1

Básicamente, para utilizar el flujo del programa en este código, es necesario dividir lo que se ve allí en distintos marcos. Entonces reemplaza el bucle con llamadas a la función de cada cuadro seguidas de draw(). Los fotogramas son instantáneas del cubo espaciadas uniformemente en el tiempo. Cuantos más fotogramas tengas, más "suave" se verá la animación, pero más memoria flash ocupará el programa.

En las funciones de marco (por ejemplo, box, box2, box3) de tu ejemplo, los bits que se ponen a "1" en el buffer de marco (es decir, la variable de matriz del cubo) son los LEDs que están encendidos en ese marco, y los que se ponen a "0" están apagados en ese marco. Cada capa tiene 8 LEDs, por lo que hay un bit por LED. Sólo tienes que mapear y tu patrón de LEDs por fotograma.

La creación de las funciones de fotogramas codificadas se puede hacer a mano de esta manera, mediante la secuencia de fotogramas. Creo que hay ejemplos por ahí de personas que han delegado esta parte en un PC que envía los fotogramas al Arduino a través del puerto serie para conseguir animaciones más elaboradas / más suaves sin tener que almacenar todas las funciones de fotogramas en la flash.