Utilizando el It $\hat{o}$ fórmula de la función $f(X_{t},t)=(W_{t}^{2}-t)^{2}$ que tenemos:
$f(x,t)=(x^{2}-t)^{2}$
$f_{x}(x,t)=4x(x^{2}-t)$
$f_{xx}(x,t)=4(3x^{2}-t)$
$f_{t}(x,t)=-2(x^{2}-t)$
$f(t,W_{t})=f(0,W_{0})+\int_{0}^{t}f_{t}(u,W_{u})du+\int_{0}^{t}f_{x}(u,W_{u})dW_{u}+\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{t}f_{xx}(u,W_{u})d[W]_{u}$ $f(t,W_{t})=0+\int_{0}^{t}-2(W_{u}^{2}-u)du+\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}+\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(3W_{u}^{2}-u)d[W]_{u}$
pero $[W]_{u}=u$ así que
$f(t,W_{t})=\int_{0}^{t}-2(W_{u}^{2}-u)du+\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}+\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{t}4(3W_{u}^{2}-u)du$
$f(t,W_{t})=\int_{0}^{t}\left(-2(W_{u}^{2}-u)+2W_{u}(3W_{u}^{2}-u)\right)du+\int_{0}^{t}2(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$
$f(t,W_{t})=M_{t}^{2}=\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}^{2}du+\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$
Pero el proceso $\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}^{2}du$ está aumentando. Además es predecible.
$\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$ es una Martingala porque para $s\leq t$
$\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]=\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{0}^{s}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]+\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{s}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]$
$\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{0}^{s}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]=\int_{0}^{s}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$ porque $\int_{0}^{s}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$ $\mathcal{F}_{s}$ -Medible
$ dW_{u}=W_{u+du}-W_{u} , W_{u+du}-W_{u}\sim N\left(0,du\right)$ y
$4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)$ independiente de $W_{u+du}-W_{u} $
$\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{s}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]=\int_{s}^{t}\left(\mathbb{E}\left[4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)\right]\mathbb{E}\left[dW_{u}\right]\right)|\mathcal{F}_{s}=0$
así que $\mathbb{E}\left[\int_{0}^{t}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}|\mathcal{F}_{s}\right]=\int_{0}^{s}4W_{u}(W_{u}^{2}-u)dW_{u}$ es Martingala