Sugerencia:
$-\varphi''(r)+\dfrac{2}{r}\varphi'(r)+\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\varphi(r)+(r-r_0)^2\varphi(r)=E\varphi(r)$
$\dfrac{d^2\varphi}{dr^2}-\dfrac{2}{r}\dfrac{d\varphi}{dr}-\left(r^2-2r_0r+r_0^2-E+\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)\varphi=0$
Deje $\varphi=e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u$ ,
A continuación, $\dfrac{d\varphi}{dr}=e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}\pm re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u$
$\dfrac{d^2\varphi}{dr^2}=e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{d^2u}{dr^2}\pm re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}\pm re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}+(r^2\pm1)e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u=e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{d^2u}{dr^2}\pm2re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}+(r^2\pm1)e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u$
$\therefore e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{d^2u}{dr^2}\pm2re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}+(r^2\pm1)e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u-\dfrac{2}{r}\left(e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}\dfrac{du}{dr}\pm re^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u\right)-\left(r^2-2r_0r+r_0^2-E+\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)e^{\pm\frac{r^2}{2}}u=0$
$\dfrac{d^2u}{dr^2}+2\left(\pm r-\dfrac{1}{r}\right)\dfrac{du}{dr}+\left(2r_0r-r_0^2+E\mp1-\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)u=0$
Deje $u=e^{\mp r_0r}v$ ,
A continuación, $\dfrac{du}{dr}=e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}\mp r_0e^{\mp r_0r}v$
$\dfrac{d^2u}{dr^2}=e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{d^2v}{dr^2}\mp r_0e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}\mp r_0e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}+r_0^2e^{\mp r_0r}v=e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{d^2v}{dr^2}\mp 2r_0e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}+r_0^2e^{\mp r_0r}v$
$\therefore e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{d^2v}{dr^2}\mp 2r_0e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}+r_0^2e^{\mp r_0r}v+2\left(\pm r-\dfrac{1}{r}\right)\left(e^{\mp r_0r}\dfrac{dv}{dr}\mp r_0e^{\mp r_0r}v\right)+\left(2r_0r-r_0^2+E\mp1-\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)e^{\mp r_0r}v=0$
$\dfrac{d^2v}{dr^2}\pm2\left(r-r_0\mp\dfrac{1}{r}\right)\dfrac{dv}{dr}+\left(E\mp1\pm\dfrac{2r_0}{r}-\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)v=0$
Deje $v=r^kw$ ,
A continuación, $\dfrac{dv}{dr}=r^k\dfrac{dw}{dr}+kr^{k-1}w$
$\dfrac{d^2v}{dr^2}=r^k\dfrac{d^2w}{dr^2}+kr^{k-1}\dfrac{dw}{dr}+kr^{k-1}\dfrac{dw}{dr}+k(k-1)r^{k-2}w=r^k\dfrac{d^2w}{dr^2}+2kr^{k-1}\dfrac{dw}{dr}+k(k-1)r^{k-2}w$
$\therefore r^k\dfrac{d^2w}{dr^2}+2kr^{k-1}\dfrac{dw}{dr}+k(k-1)r^{k-2}w\pm2\left(r-r_0\mp\dfrac{1}{r}\right)\left(r^k\dfrac{dw}{dr}+kr^{k-1}w\right)+\left(E\mp1\pm\dfrac{2r_0}{r}-\dfrac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)r^kw=0$
$\dfrac{d^2w}{dr^2}\pm2\left(r-r_0\mp\dfrac{k-1}{r}\right)\dfrac{dw}{dr}+\left(E\pm2k\mp1\mp\dfrac{2r_0(k-1)}{r}+\dfrac{k(k-3)-l(l+1)}{r^2}\right)w=0$
Que puede convierte a Heun del Biconfluent Ecuación similar a la Caza de soluciones exactas de segundo orden ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias con diferentes coeficientes.