Desigualdad de Cauchy Schwarz:
$$ \begin{align*}
\left( \frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+\dots +\frac{1}{a_n}\right)\left( a_1+a_2+\dots+a_n \right) &\geq \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a_1}}\sqrt{a_1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a_2}}\sqrt{a_2}+\dots +\frac{1}{\sqrt{a_n}}\sqrt{a_n} \right)^2 \\\
&\geq \left( 1+1+\dots+1\right)^2 = n^2
\end {align *} $$
que cuando se aplica aquí $$ \begin{align*}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{S}{a_i} &= \left( \frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+\dots +\frac{1}{a_n}\right)S \geq n^2\\
\end {align *} $$
Por lo tanto $$ \begin{align*}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{S-a_i}{a_i} &= \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{S}{a_i} -n\\
&\geq n^2 - n = n(n-1) \tag{1}
\end {align *} $$
Del mismo modo, reescribiendo la otra suma.
$$ \begin{align*}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{a_i}{S-a_i} &=
\frac{S-\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq 1}a_j}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq 1}a_j} + \frac{S-\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq 2}a_j}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq 2}a_j}+\dots +\frac{S-\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq n}a_j}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq n}a_j}\\
&= \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \left(\frac{S}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq i}a_j}\right)-n \tag{2}
\end {align *} $$
También desde
$$ \ displaystyle \ sum_ {j \ neq 1} a_j + \ displaystyle \ sum_ {j \ neq 2} a_j + \ dots + \ displaystyle \ sum_ {j \ neq n} a_j = (n-1) S $$
Por la desigualdad de Cauchy-Schwarz $$ \begin{align*}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq i}a_j}\right)(n-1)S \geq n^2\\
\Longrightarrow \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\sum_{j \neq i}a_j}\right) \geq \frac{n^2}{(n-1)S}
\end {align *} $$
Desde $(2)$
$$ \begin{align*}
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{a_i}{S-a_i} &\geq \left(\frac{n^2}{n-1}\right) - n\\
&\geq \frac{n}{n-1}
\end {align *} $$