$$I = \int\frac{{\rm d}x}{(1+x^3)^{\frac{1}{3}}}$$
Deje $$u = \frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{1+x^3}} \implies u^3 = \frac{x^3}{1+x^3} = 1-\frac{1}{1+x^3}$$
(Nota: ¿Cómo puedo obtener este extraño sustitución? Ver la nota al final)
$$\implies 1 + x^3 = \frac{1}{1-u^3}$$
También,
$$du = \frac{1}{(1+x^3)^{4/3}}dx = \frac{1}{1+x^3}\frac{1}{(1+x^3)^{1/3}}dx$$
$$\implies (1+x^3)du = \frac{dx}{(1+x^3)^{1/3}} $$
$$\implies \frac{du}{1-u^3} = \frac{dx}{(1+x^3)^{1/3}}$$
Por lo tanto
$$I = \int\frac{du}{1-u^3}$$
Esta es una norma integral que conduce a:
$$ I = \frac{1}{6}\ln(u^2+u+1) -\frac{1}{3}\ln(1-u) +\frac{1}{\sqrt3}\arctan\left(\frac{2u+1}{\sqrt3}\right) + C$$
El uso de $u = \frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{1+x^3}}$, obtenemos
$$I = \boxed{\frac{1}{6}\ln\left(\frac{x^2}{(1+x^3)^{2/3}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{1+x^3}}+1\right) -\frac{1}{3}\ln(1-\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{1+x^3}}) +\frac{1}{\sqrt3}\arctan\left(\frac{\frac{2x}{\sqrt[3]{1+x^3}}+1}{\sqrt3}\right) + C}$$
La solución de la integral:
$$I = \int\frac{du}{1-u^3}$$
El uso de Fracciones Parciales, se obtiene
$$ I = \frac{1}{3}\int\frac{u+2}{u^2+u+1}du - \frac{1}{3}\int\frac{du}{u-1}$$
$$ = \frac{1}{6}\int\frac{2u+1}{u^2+u+1}du + \frac{1}{2}\int\frac{du}{u^2+u+1} - \frac{1}{3}\ln(|u-1|)$$
$$ = \frac{1}{6}ln|u^2+u+1| -\frac{1}{3}ln|1-u| + \frac{1}{2}\int\frac{du}{(u+\frac{1}{2})^2 + (\frac{\sqrt3}{4})^2}$$
$$ = \frac{1}{6}ln|u^2+u+1| -\frac{1}{3}ln|1-u| + \frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt3}\arctan((u+\frac{1}{2})/\frac{\sqrt3}{2}) + C$$
$$ I = \frac{1}{6}ln|u^2+u+1| -\frac{1}{3}ln|1-u| + \frac{1}{\sqrt3}\arctan\left(\frac{2u+1}{\sqrt3}\right) + C$$
Sustitución: Es tedioso pero aquí está:
Deje $x^3 = \tan^2\theta \implies 3x^2dx = 2\tan\theta \sec^2\theta d\theta$
$$\implies \frac{dx}{(1+x^3)^{1/3}} = \frac{2\tan\theta \sec^2\theta}{3\tan^{4/3}\theta \sec^{2/3}\theta} d\theta = \frac{2}{3}\frac{\sec\theta \sec^{1/3}\theta}{\tan^{1/3}\theta}d\theta = \frac{2}{3}\frac{d\theta}{\cos\theta\sin^{1/3}\theta}$$
El uso de $$\sin^3\phi = \sin\theta \implies 3\sin^2\phi\cos\phi d\phi = \cos\theta d\theta = (1-\sin^6\phi)^{1/2}d\theta$$
$$\implies d\theta = \frac{3\sin^2\phi\cos\phi}{(1-\sin^6\phi)^{1/2}}d\phi$$
$$\implies \frac{2}{3}\frac{d\theta}{\cos\theta\sin^{1/3}\theta} = \frac{2}{3}\frac{3\sin^2\phi \cos\phi}{(1-\sin^6\phi)\sin\phi}d\phi = \frac{2\sin\phi\cos\phi}{1-sin^6\phi}d\phi$$
El uso de $\sin^2\phi = u \implies du = 2\sin\phi\cos\phi d\phi$
$$\frac{2\sin\phi\cos\phi}{1-sin^6\phi}d\phi = \frac{du}{1-u^3}$$
Trabajando hacia atrás, tenemos:
$$u = \sin^2\phi = \sin^{2/3}\theta = \left(\frac{\tan\theta}{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}}\right)^{2/3} = \left(\frac{x^{3/2}}{(1+x^3)^{1/2}}\right)^{2/3} = \frac{x}{(1+x^3)^{1/3}}$$